Abstract: Over the past decade, the role and perception of Human Resources Management has undergone a sea change.
From what was considered as a support function, HR has today matured and merged as a strategic business partner. From what was considered as a cost or expense, HR has emerged as a contributor to an organization’s profitability.

The advent of the ongoing economic meltdown has presented the function of HRM with new challenges and responsibilities.
During this period of Economic meltdown, HRM is presented with a challenging opportunity to play a pivotal role in making the industry sustain and the entire economy flourish.
My paper on this topic shall attempt to throw light on the transition of the role of human resources management in the wake of the present economic meltdown.
My Presentation/Submission shall focus on the various new roles, responsibilities and challenges that now fall under the purview of the function of HRM such as:

1. Various Cost-Reduction strategies:
The present economic meltdown makes it imperative for organizations to review their spending patterns; the function of HR today is expected to review the organization’s spending habits and come up with various cost-reduction strategies.

2. Increased need for employee efficiency:
Getting the most out of the least is the need of the hour. The economic meltdown calls for an increase in employee efficiency. When employees become more efficient, there is more room for profitability and productivity.

3. Importance of keeping the employees motivated through challenging times:
Employee motivation is a very crucial responsibility of the HR function. The present economic slowdown has adversely impacted the morale of employees across the organizations and throughout all the ranks. The threat of downsizing, pink slips, forced leaves etc. has gravely demotivated the employees all over.
A demoralized workforce is certainly not at its productive best. Low morale directly affects the quality of output as well.
The key challenge for the function of HR here is to proceed with cost cutting measures while keeping the employees motivated and positive. It’s a challenge which is easier said than done.

4. Use of innovative and creative ways to maintain and improve profitability,
The ongoing economic meltdown is indeed the best time for creativity and innovation.
Its through creativity and innovation that organizations can discover newer ways to maintain and improve profitability though a time of negative financial outlook.
The function of HR can play a very vital role in creating and nurturing an environment that values and encourages creativity and innovation.

5. Retaining the best talent:
The present challenges require the function of HRM to play an active role in stopping the top talent from falling out of the company bandwagon.
This deserves special attention and effort as the organization tends to become more vulnerable to top talent attrition in the turbulent times. Investing more time, effort and resources proves quite helpful in this pursuit.

6. Balancing redundancies to ensure best performance with optimum resources etc.
Every organization functions with substantial redundancy so as to remain operational without being affected by any emergency etc. Many times excess of redundancy proves to be a cost for the company. Thus balancing redundancies to ensure best performance with optimum resources has also become a crucial HR responsibility.

Conclusion:
I intend to highlight the various new HR roles and challenges in the wake of the ongoing economic meltdown with the help of relevant true case studies, industry inputs and examples etc.
I am quite confident that my submission will prove to be objective, insightful and interesting as well.

Keywords: Various Cost-Reduction,Human Resources Management,

Abstract: World countries leaning on innovation are after increasing productivity and improvement of economic conditions and one of the most important reasons for increasing innovation is the competition between different countries. Also Small and Medium Size Enterprises are perceived as the seedbed for increasing entrepreneurship, innovation and other perilous methods which prepare the foundation for dynamic and constant long-termed development, and they have allocated more than 90% percent of world-wide commerce and 50 to 60 percent of employment to themselves. This study is trying by surveying innovation in Yazd SMEs, recognize barriers and potentials of it and find a solution to manage intellectual capitals.

Keywords: ): Innovation, Intellectual Capitals, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), Manufacturing Industries, Yazd Province

Abstract: This paper discusses how education has been transformed from one-teacher-per-class basis (Education 1.0) to Education 2.0, a time and space free educational network of teachers and students who learn from each other and build the intellectual capital which has never existed. We demonstrate how current trends in the world of technology are changing what educators do and how they do it. It is a research study conducted at a university in Canada. Participants were preservice teachers who built knowledge of mathematics and that of pedagogy in a discoursive Web 2.0 design. The results show that technology, when used appropriately, could have the capacity to lead to knowledge building and develop intellectual capital.

Keywords: Community building, Education 2.0, Intellectual capital, Web 2.0

Abstract: Knowledge is the only valuable source and wealth of any organizations in now knowlegde modern age. Hence the necessity of being historic and even prehistoric in the management of organizational knowledge require that the organizational leaders effectively benefit of theoretical viewpoints as well as successful patterns of practical experience . but the fact that which pattern in this regard can meet the requirements of management and organization ,must be selected within a systematic view on the basis of contingency theory , a pattern appropriate for the features of human force , strategy ,culture ,technology, overlook, structure and so forth. This paper using library method, tries to present some theoretical views and successful practical patterns in the world aiming to use and acknowledge managers and organizations.

Keywords: Knowledge Management, Organizational Learning, Learing Organization , Systemic Thinking, systemic Learning Organization Model.

Abstract: Nowadays, most of the companies and organizations' real capital tends to be their brand and they seek their value in their costumers and buyers' minds. In other words, a brand provides the product with remarkable value by distinguishing it from the other rival companies' products. The application of brand is not restricted to the production/service industries or great companies. Many countries of the world use national branding in order to improve their position in the global system. The application of this concept in tourism, from chain hotels to destination branding, is developing. Many studies have been conducted about destination branding but even brand can create competitive advantage for a destination, not much attention has been given to the concept of branding in Iran. In this paper a model for brand creation and how to maintain that model in the costumers' minds would be proposed

Keywords: Brand, tourism destination, tourism destination branding, branding challenges

Abstract: The emergence of petroleum industry in Iran dates back to more than a century ago and the industry has played a major role in the country’s economy from the very beginning. However, the industry’s dependency to foreign companies is evident when it comes to the required technologies. Independent technology development, on the other hand, is not an easy task since it requires, inter alia, sound Intellectual Property (IP) management. The industry’s failure in independently developing its technological needs, can hence, be partially attributed to mismanagement of IP.
This paper investigates the role of IP and its management in an industrial context, focusing on industries actively pursuing high technological capabilities. Afterward, the petroleum industry and the role of IP management therein are reviewed. Finally the achievements of Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI) in managing its IP portfolio are introduced.


Keywords: Intellectual Property, Technology Development, IP Management, Petroleum Industry

Abstract: The Social Participation is The Youth Identifying and The Present Study Was an Attempt to Investigate Social Participation among The Youth in Tehran. The Theorical Framework of the Study is based on the Review of the Related Literature Particularly the theories Social Wealth By Colman, The question administered to 1067 participants with the age of 20 to 30. The participants were selected through Clustering Sampling (P=0/03). The instrument was validated through Running Factor Analysis. The Reliability was Also Estimated through Cronbach
The Results of the study indicated that there is a Significant Correlation between Social participation and the variables of , Social capitals, Social confidence, Social attachment,education degree, Social belief, Social attachment Their Social Relations, Marital Status, age and gender

Keywords: Social participation, Social capitals, Social confidence, Social attachment

Abstract: Many economists now argue that Intellectual Capital (IC) is more likely to be the key source of a firm’s competitive advantage than tangible resources. Hence, leveraging knowledge is often the key to a firm’s prosperity. The study aims to understand the social and organizational factors that influence knowledge sharing. A model of knowledge management and knowledge sharing was developed inspired by the work of Nahapiet and Ghoshal(1998). This paper explores the role of social capital in the knowledge-based economy with a focus on the creation and diffusion of knowledge in companies. Social capital consists of norms and networks that support cooperation. Bridging social capital, aimed at exchanging and learning skills instead of facts, may increase knowledge flows between various communities of practice in companies. The paper suggests that employees’ ability, motivation ,and opportunity to share their human capital can be viewed as both the cause and the outcome of the cognitive, relational, and structural dimensions of social capital embedded in an organization ’s – formal as well as informal – social architecture respectively.

Keywords: Social capital, intellectual capital, knowledge, Social networks

Abstract: This research studing relation of knowledge assets with company performance improvement and also company added value.Goal of the research help management for determine relationship between of knowledge assets , company performance improvement and company added value.In order to prove the hypothesis,used the correlation and regression tests.Finally the knowledge assets value creation map(KAVCM)is proposed with adopting the analytic hierarchy process(AHP).Resultes show that be relationship between of knowledge assets , company performance improvement and company added value.

Keywords: knowledge assets،performance improvement،company added value,kavcm model

Abstract: Privitization is one of the cornerstone projects of the countries seeking to speed up their economic growth. It is the project of prioterizing the market mechanism by returning to it the functions unduly overtaken by the forces of the state. In more realistic terms, the domain of privitization may extend from total ceeding the ownership of publicly owned and opperated enterprises to the private sector at the one end of the spectrum to restructuring of government owned and opperated enterprises based on comercial principles at the other end. Therec are however certain prerequisite that need to be met before privitization can work effectively that for the most part amount to provision of an environment that is conducive to large scale and effective private sector engagement in economic activities. Contries that are more successful in providing this environmrnt are in a superior position to rip the advantages of privitizatios. A first task in the the study of privitization in varuis contries , therfore, is to study how suceessful they are in providing an environment conducve to privte sector opperatoions. This paper's focuss is on privitization in Iran; It includes an analysis of privitizations from the stand point of both the required environment including the institutional requirements and also of policies. The experience of privitizations in certain other countrires is reviewd in order to give the analysis a comparative perspective

Keywords: privitization preconditions, privitization policies, Iran's economy

Abstract: Organizations and companies are these days after appropriate use of human resources in order to get closer to their goals and to grow and develop in their business within the society. That is, “intellectual capital management” is considered to be a valuable tool to reach this goal and also an important resource for these organizations. Furthermore, recognizing abilities, talents, and personality weak points could be of great importance for using employees in the appropriate job position and environment. This is an important note that can with no doubt be used as a method to better manage the intellectual capital.
The purpose of this paper is to pay more attention to self-knowing and to introduce one of the new theories of the typology called “Enneagram Typology”. This theory introduces nine character types with perception, impression, and specific manner patterns as a method for self-knowing. Furthermore, the organizations managers may use that theory to properly use human resources according to their abilities and capabilities in the considered job positions.


Keywords: intellectual capital management, Identity characteristics,Enneagram Typology, self-knowing

Abstract: Nowadays, there are some changes in the accumulation of capital. These changes are result of a shift from tangible goods to intellectual ones. At the one side, among human development discussions, understanding the importance and value of intellectual capital is a pivotal issue. Human development concentrates on human beings and their potentials to receive the sustainability and durance in improving the quality of life. And at the other side, in such debates intellectual capital plays a crucial role. Considering the elements of which IC is composed, measuring them and the manner they affect human development process are the subject matter of this article. Also, paying attention to the crucial role of IC as an item of human capital – and of course the most important part of it- in providing the strategies for protection of intellectual property is a significant issue.

Keywords: Human Capital, Intellectual Capital, Human Development, Elements of Development, TRIPS Agreement

Abstract: This research has been carried out in order to investigate the identification of elements and the component intellectual capital in universities. research method from the goal standpoint is an applied one and for the purpose of data gathering device is of a survey study type. In order to examine the intellectual capital in universities 94 cases of managers and 342 cases of staff were selected us a sample of study. The needed data were collected by using a intellectual capital questionnaire. The face validity of the questionnaire has been assessed by using factor analysis. The reliability of data gathering tools has been obtained by calculating Cronbach Coefficient…. The results obtained are suggestive of the fact that the elements and components of the intellectual capital in university. Have been supported of course, among these components the ability one has had a higher mean, in comparison with the other components.
Pearsons correlation results also indicate that there is a direct and significant relationship among the means pertaining to the components.

Keywords: measurement , intellectual capital, university

Abstract: Many commentators have identified the pivotal role of intellectual capital in the valuation of firms and the determination of their future earnings. The purpose of this paper is to link two key disciplines in finance and science in a way which is representative of the many challenges in the development of the knowledge economy. However, the valuation of intangibles remains a contentious issue in finance. In this paper, the financial and economic issues pertaining to the valuation of intellectual capital are evaluated and addressed. This paper evaluates various methods that are currently used and recommends the development of a valuation process for new and evolving technologies.

Keywords: Asset valuation, Intellectual capital, Knowledge organizations

Abstract: The increasing gap between firms' Market and Book Value has drawn wide research attention to exploring the invisible value omitted from financial statements. Some factors that impact on firms' value but don't release in financial statements are Brand value, Intellectual value,... .
This research focuses on relationship between intellectual capital and firms' market value. For examining the relationship between corporate value creation efficiency and firms' Market-to-book Value ratios, Pulic's Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) Model in 2000 is used. Major hypothesis, firms that have greater value added intellectual coefficient have higher Market-to-book value ratio, is tested by Spearman and Pearson correlation, linear regression and multiple linear regression. Market-to-book value ratio is positively related with value added intellectual coefficient. Also market-to-book value ratio is positively related with capital employed efficiency, human capital efficiency and structural capital efficiency.
Three independent variables as effective indicator on market-to-book value ratio are used in multiple linear regression analysis. Findings show that independent variables impact on dependent variable straightly, and changing one unit in the independent variables has 0.118 unit influence on market-to-book value ratio.


Keywords: Intellectual capital; Market value; Capital employed efficiency; Human capital efficiency; Structural capital efficiency

Abstract: In the era of knowledge based economy, knowledge management is a key factor of organization competitiveness, and intellectual capital management is one of the core instruments for knowledge management. “How to create, manage, and evaluate intellectual capital” is an important issue for modern organizations. Due to intangibility of intellectual, its value cannot be properly measured by using traditional financial index. In order to measure the intellectual capital in healthcare sector, an evaluation process using Analytic Network Process is proposed in this study. The intellectual capital of four hospitals in Shiraz City is evaluated and discussed. The empirical results show that among different dimensions of intellectual capital, human capital is relatively more important. Furthermore, expertise and knowledge of employees plays an important role in intellectual capital.

Keywords: Intellectual Capital, Measuring, Analytic Network Process, Hospital

Abstract: Current collapses of big companies and the worse fluctuations of the financial markets has evoked the awareness of the stakeholders and mangers to utilize suitable tools to predict the financial distress of companies. One of such tools is the application of financial ratios as independent variables and developing models to predict bankruptcy issue.
The objective of this study is first to test the prediction power of original Altman (1983) and Ohlson (1980) models on the dataset of Iranian listed companies and secondly by applying Multiple Discriminant Analysis (i.e. MDA) and Logit Analysis statistical techniques on the same dataset, develop a suitable prediction model for bankruptcy of listed companies in the economic environment of Iran.
It was Finally concluded that both original Ohlson bankruptcy prediction model in 1980 without any modification of multipliers and coefficients and Logistic regression technique showed better prediction results than original Atman model in 1983 or Discriminant analysis technique.

Keywords: bankruptcy, financial ratio, bankruptcy prediction models, multiple discriminant analysis, logistic regression

Abstract: The close relationship between Intellectual Capitals and concepts like innovation, learning organizations, performance and other key elements of competition and life of organization, leads to ever increasing use of Intellectual Capitals in various organizations. Hence, a new concept which has been studied worldwide is managing and understanding of Intellectual Capitals importance in trend of business.
In this study the result of a research that investigated the Intellectual Capitals and the measuring indexes of these capitals in IT and ICT companies, has been introduced, considering the effect of proper evaluation on successful management.
To this purpose, first the Intellectual Capitals of these companies were recognized through the literature and then the measuring indexes were determined and classified by expert team through brain storming meetings and open interview with them.
At last remind that the result of this study in the Iranian companies can be used to measuring Intellectual Capitals for every informatic or similar company.


Keywords: Intellectual Capitals, Measuring, Index

Abstract: The article is generally pointing out the importance of professional ethics in different jobs and specifically its important role in small businesses. By providing a definition of entrepreneurship and small businesses, we have tried to distinguish the border between them. Then by classification of the research on the ethics of entrepreneurship companies firstly the ethical approaches of entrepreneurs, the ethical issues before the entrepreneurs, ethical decision making of entrepreneurs, owners of small businesses and customers and type of entrepreneurship activity were discussed and finally the article ended by a conclusion and proposals in the form of taking five important steps for the promotion of professional ethics in business environments.

Keywords: professional ethics, entrepreneurs, businesses owners, intellectual capital

Abstract: Intellectual Capital Accounting
Valuation of Intellectual Capital – A Contextual Study
(with special reference to Indian IT Giant)

Profile –
Name - R.Krishna Priya
Institute – Department of Management, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
Email ID – kpriya.hr@gmail.com



Intellectual Capital Accounting System is a management tool which is designed to assist senior management
in understanding the long term cost and benefit implications of their HR decisions so that better business decisions can be taken. If such accounting is not done, then the management runs the risk of taking decisions that may improve profits in the short run but may also have severe repercussions in future.

For example, very often organisations hire young people from outside on very high salaries because of an
immediate business requirement. Later on, however, they find that the de-motivating impact of this move on the existing experienced staff has caused immense long term harm by reducing their productivity and by creating salary distortions across the organisational structure.

Context –
Hence, my research papers deal with the overall study of the IC Accounting System & its application in the current scenario at a Service giant in India. The name of the organization is kept undisclosed in the papers, but the facts & figures are mentioned wherever necessary.

Option of Service Industry –
The research delves on the IC Accounting System of an IT Company for the reason of data availability & more comprehensive HR initiatives.

Keywords: Intellectual Capital, IC Accounting System

Abstract: Considering the increasing progress of regional trade agreements, which have emerged in five levels, this paper examines trade creation and diversion and impacts of these phenomena on national welfare. These agreements, which exclusively decrease barriers for joined countries and increase obstacle for other countries, could be led to bankruptcy on productive businesses. In brief, these agreements have significant influence of national welfare and should be considered as an important factor.

Keywords: Regional Trade Agreement, Trade creation, Trade diversion, National welfare.

Abstract: Intellectual capital (IC) was being recognized as a determining factor in success or failure of an organization and organizations are trying to find a good niche in competitive fields via the resource-based view. This paper's aim is weighting and prioritizing employee's performance appraisal indictors that have most effect on IC development in public sector organizations. For this, most important influential criteria for developing IC are investigated and a new hierarchical structure for this development is proposed. Then employed analytical hierarchical possess method to such goal.
A sample (N=52) of scholars and practitioners involved in performance appraisal systems was used as expert poll in this research. Findings suggest that for develop human capital, the indicator of proficiency, for organizational human capital, the indicator of interpersonal relation and for develop relational capital, the indicator of customer service have most effective role. All in all indicator of proficiency was recognized as the most effective indicator for IC expansion.

Keywords: Intellectual capital development, Employee’s performance appraisal, Analytical hierarchy process, Public sector organizations

Abstract: Academic Libraries are information centers established in support of the mission of their parent institutions in order to generate knowledge. In this phase and the age of information and comunication revolution and knowledge based economic, the oraganizations and institutions which produce and create knowledge, have a significant position in dissemination of knowledge element, also libraries and information centers are changing their role to be just a depository to knowledge places. Current research aims to study the infrastructures of knowledge management from the viewpoint of 62 information professionals in shiraz academic libraries. Using a questionare and interview method, the research data were gathered. The results showed that in general the situation of the infrastructures of knowledge management in surveyed libraries are not suitable and among libraries, the library of art and architecture college have fuctioned much better than the others.

Keywords: Knowledge management, academic libraries, knowledge management infrastructures

Abstract: In today's world which is considered an era of information explosion, the success of any organization depends on organizing & utilizing optimized information & management of information assets. Today progress of information technology has increased the necessity of using tools such as office automation transfer & which has improved the speed & prevision of messages and can have an effective role in redoing the costs of organizations expenses. In a case study concerning MWPI`s communication, we noticed that the low speed & high costs of information transfer, were creating some problems for the organization. After a careful study & analysis of the subject, installation of office automation system was recognized as a suitable solution. By performing this decision, MWPI benefited its advantages & in fact the above mentioned system proved to present valuable & interesting results. In the present article, while reviewing some concepts reading information assets & office automation documentarily, we shall describe & analyze the method of installing office automation & the related results together with the qualitative & quantitative advantages for the organization.

Keywords: Office Automation, Development, Information Asset, Organization

Abstract: Science and technology parks are of the important factor to competitiveness and excellence of the nations in knowledge and management economy era.
In asset based view each corporation must emphasis on his organizational competences and capabilities to improvement and development plans. Intellectual capital has a critical role of in knowledge base companies. Although main purposes of this research are define and analyze of the intellectual capital dimensions. To gain of these purposes by using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) the main sub criteria of intellectual capital were founded. To have more confidence, conceptual model that excavated from previous step were tested by confirmatory factor analisis (CFA). Results of research reveal that human capital is the most affective factor in intellectual management in aspect of Science and Technology Park of university of Tehran’s respondents. Furthermore in human capital market orientation behavior is the main component, in structural capital process improvement and in relational capital employee performance is the main affecting factors.
Because of conceptual model were evaluated in a park, we aren’t any confidence about External validity.

Keywords: Knowledge Economy, Intellectual Capital, Human Capital, Structural Capital.

Abstract: Full of competition society of today and increased demand of customers necessitate reconcidering in traditional ways of management and achieving new methods. For this reason the organization looking for a pioneer role in particular field for success to find a competitional advantage in it. A competitional advantage which also has been built from a local intricate process affected by national economy structure, culture, values and beliefs. A country that could get effective use of these factors in developing its institutions, also could promote the role of his economical establishments in international economy. The only way of the organization to achieve competitional advantage and retaining it, is learning faster than his rivals. An organization which it does not promote in learning especially fast learning can not win in competition field.
Each competitional advantage that is the outcome of a creative production has short time life. So to overtake of the rivals in achieving to the next initiative , an organization should be permanently learn and experience . In other hand it should learn faster than the other rivals.


Keywords: Faster learning organization, Flo, Strategy Ability, Variation Ability, Performance Improvement

Abstract: Providing the development process for the capable regions which still has not been developed , could make a positive effect for the people of the region .There is the development capacity in each region , suburban and country . There capacities could be the natural resources and human capital.
The ability of a region to development does not depend only on the performance of a group of actors considered individually (firms, universities, govern institutions, etc.), but fundamentally on how on they interact as a system. one way to use these capacities for development process is to establish an infrastructure such as institution to follow regional development as an None Government Organization ( NGO )and None Profitable Organization(NPO) .
The important of investing in human capital has become much clear in recent years because on the mounting evidence on the extent to which such investment and its links with other factors in development act as an engine of change.by designing an human network , The Human capital has been managed in the region of Aran and Bidgol in Isfahan province in Iran. Before building this human network those people has been involved in Aran and Bidgol ’s development personally. this human network integrated human capital in an institution which has been registered under the name of Insituation of " omran va towsee Aran va Bidgol " to cover theire activities for rapid ,efficient,eqitable and sustainable development in the region.Human network as a key feature of Aran and Bidgol development enable access to tacit knowledge, Avoid potential risks of lock-in and Foster collaborative culture (Trustworthiness(.

Keywords: development- intellectual capital-human capital-non goverment organization

Abstract: In this article we compare human capital competitiveness of automobile industrial situation. Competitiveness evaluation is basic analysis of all capital industry or country that way application can proper strategy for compete selecting total and programming to achieve gain. These all work at the end redounds to gain competitive advantage. Therefore reliance new theories and reports published we analyze and compare Iran automobile industry competitiveness with china and Russia. At all we take 4 alternatives to study that integrate many variables together in past researches. Main tools for this research are based of questionnaire from industry expert and apply descriptive statistics, T test and Friedman test. Results didn’t confirm our hypothesis. Thus, Iran automobile industry haven’t better competitiveness situation than from Russia and china automobile industry.

Keywords: Nations Competitiveness / Human Capital / Competitive Advantage / IRAN Automobile Industries

Abstract: Nowadays, industrial and developed countries do their best to conceptualize knowledge. In the era, organizations would learn lessons from their failure and success stories. The rate of changes, increase of national, regional and international computation, forces the developing societies to obtain and flourish their potentials. Today, organizations have realized that technology is the basic and fundamental competitive advantage, but intellectual capital is more stable and lasting.
Organizations have analyzed various competitive advantages using different method and have developed their methodologies by obtaining the benefit of huge technological transformations. However, a lot of organizations are lagging because of low efficiency and lack of agile adaptation which are essential requirement of the current complex world. Leadership styles are one of the effective approaches to nurture the intellectual capital to bring value to the organization. In this article vigilant leadership is investigated as one of the last leadership styles.

Keywords: Intellectual capital, vigilant leadership, Entrepreneurship, value creation

Abstract: The goal of this research is study employee satisfaction by jones model of socialization. Research method is descriptive survey research and population is all employes in gas company kourdestan. Sample is 190 that selected randomly. Data collection instrument is question based on jones model that validity proved by scholars. With reliability of questunare determined with alpha chronbach method by a 30 nomber sample 85 %. Descriptive analysis is done by means, variance and hypothesis tests done by t-test. Results of research shows that satisfaction levels from socialization process is less than average.

Keywords: socialization, organizational socialization, organizational socialization tactics, jones model

Abstract: In our competitive world, organizations are concerned with the growth of their market position. Several factors influence this growth, one of which is the increasing organization capitals. In organizations there are two major categories of capitals: tangible (physical) and intangible (intellectual) capitals. To improve and strengthening the intellectual capital in organizations, Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998) refer to social capital and they believe that it is formed in the individuals' communications. Due to this characteristics, any changes in the organization that improves the spirit of workgroups and network formation, lead to reinforcement of this capital and thus the promotion of the competitive position of organization in market. This paper argues that changing the approach to the organization from the functional to the process reinforces the social capital.

Keywords: social capital, process approach, business process reengineering, organizational capitals

Abstract: As the vast majority of university researches are conducted by using public recourses, results of these researches should be wealth creation for national economy and maximizing benefits of the society therefore intellectual properties emanating from publicly financed research and development should be identified , statutory protected and commercialized. This paper investigate condition of publicity financed intellectual properties in Iran and suggests a system which helps technology transfer and commercialization of publicly financed intellectual properties through studying chosen countries regulations and comparing them with Iran’s regulations. The paper also shows the role of suggested system in the national innovation system.

Keywords: National economy , intellectual properties ,innovation system

Abstract: Participatory Management System is one of the most important way for increasing the productivity of an organization. This can improve the innovation of the personnel. Applying this method can also decrease the concentration in the organization.
In this study the application of the Participatory Management System in the Yazd Electricity Company in the period of 2004- 2007 is analyesed. By using the Topsis technique, the result show that, among the variables which affects this method, improving the innovation power of the staff gets the first rank and obtaining the profit has the last order. The benefit which was also attained is about twenty fold of the cost in the period which was considered.

Keywords: Participatory Management System, Cost-Benefit, Productivity, Yazd Electricity Company